Stage models are suitable tools with which to inspire future developments, and ours extends previous models that guide progress toward the one-stop shop by describing two further stages: the limited no-stop shop and the no-stop shop. The contribution of this paper is an e-government stage model that extends existing models. To address these two issues, this paper proposes a transition from a one-stop shop to a no-stop shop, where the citizen does not have to perform any action or fill in any forms to receive government services. Second, citizens expect governments to act proactively by initiating appropriate government services themselves, instead of relying on requests for services from citizens. First, despite reasonable efforts to improve the design of forms and to establish single points of contact in one-stop shops, citizens still perceive forms as cumbersome. This paper responds to two observations about current government service delivery. A bibliometric analysis of the selected INAS approaches is also conducted with a discussion of their advantages and limitations. type of assessment, the used measurement mechanism, and the addressed interoperability barriers). The objectives are to identify the relevant INAS approaches and to compare them based on a holistic view based on their similar and different properties (e.g. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic literature review of INAS approaches. However, the majority of these reviews are focusing on specific properties rather than a general view of an INAS. Many surveys and reviews have been proposed in the literature to analyse the existing INAS approaches. Indeed, such an assessment aims at determining the strengths and weakness of an enterprise in terms of interoperability. This is the main objective of the Interoperability Assessment (INAS). Therefore, it should be verified and continuously improved.
Indeed, interoperability allows enterprises to exchange information and use it to seize their shared goals. The development of Interoperability is a necessity for organisations to achieve business goals and capture new market opportunities.
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